Numerical study of fuzzy-PID dual-layer coordinated control strategy for high temperature uniformity of space lithium-ion battery pack based on thermoelectric coolers

Excessive temperature difference within the battery pack is an important reason for its reduced energy conversion efficiency and reliability. A fuzzy-PID dual-layer coordinated control strategy with high temperature uniformity based on thermoelectric coolers is proposed for the thermal problems of the lithium-ion battery pack for space applications. The dynamics model of the battery thermal management system is established, and the open-loop characteristics of the lithium-ion battery pack under the influence of the discharge time of the lithium-ion battery pack in an orbital cycle, the thermal-optical properties of the satellite surface, and the volume flow rate of the working medium in the cold-plate are numerically studied during the orbital operation. The control effect of the fuzzy-PID dual-layer coordinated controller is numerically evaluated, and the results show that it can maintain the average temperature of the Li-ion battery pack in the predetermined optimal temperature range of 15– 35 °C under complex thermal disturbances, and the maximum temperature difference does not exceed 1.7 °C, which is 76.7 % smaller than that without active control, and the minimum temperature difference is only 0.06 °C. This temperature control strategy can significantly improve the temperature adaptability of the space Li-ion battery pack and help further improve its operational performance and reliability.