Dr. Casirati and colleagues, in their letter, make a very stimulating, but puzzling hypothesis: should the dose, composition, timing, and duration of immunonutrition be optimized on nutritional status, body structure and in particular on amount of muscle mass? Is it time to optimize immunonutrition in cancer patients according to muscle mass?European Journal of Surgical OncologyVol. 49Issue 7PreviewThe review of De Luca and colleagues [1] highlighted that nutritional support of patients with pancreatic cancer still needs to be improved in the real-world clinical practice, for example by implementing the use of preoperative immunonutrition, in order to decrease the risk of postoperative infections and hospital length of stay. Based on the current available literature, we hypothesize that body composition assessment could allow the optimization of immunonutrition and improve its efficacy in these and other cancer patients. Full-Text PDF