Type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Observational studies have reported an association between type 2 diabetes and osteoarthritis (OA) development and progression. However no systematic review of the literature exists assessing whether this association is consistently true. We aimed to systematically review the association between type 2 diabetes and the presence, development, and progression of OA. We searched MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, the Web of Science, and Grey Literature (through August 2014) for prospective cohort, cross-sectional, and case–control studies with confidence intervals (CI) that reported an association between type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and the development or presence of OA of any joint. Ten studies and fourteen ratios were included in the analysis. The pooled population size in our meta-regression was 16,742 patients. Type 2 diabetes was significantly associated with the development or presence of OA (OR; 1 · 21, 95% CI: 1 · 02–1 · 41). In the subset of 7 studies that did control for weight or BMI there was an increased odds of OA associated with type 2 diabetes was (OR: 1 · 25, 95% CI: 1 · 05–1 · 46) from a smaller pool of patients (n = 7156). Type 2 diabetes is associated with the development and presence of radiographic and symptomatic OA even when controlling for body mass index and weight.