An overview of palladium supported on carbon-based materials: Synthesis, characterization, and its catalytic activity for reduction of hexavalent chromium

Palladium plays a pivotal role in most of the industrial heterogeneous catalysts, because of its unique properties such as well-defined structure, great intrinsic carrier, outstanding electronic, mechanical and thermal stability. The combination of palladium and various porous carbons (PCs) can widen the use of heterogeneous catalysts. This review highlights the advantages and limitations of carbon supported palladium-based heterogeneous catalyst in reduction of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). In addition, we address recent progress on synthesis routes for mono and bimetallic palladium nanoparticles supported by various carbon composites including graphene-based materials, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbons, and activated carbons. The related reaction mechanisms for the Cr(VI) reduction are also suggested. Finally, the challenge and perspective are proposed.