Trust: Recent concepts and evaluations in human-robot interaction

Abstract We present a survey of investigations of human trust in robots in the recent human-robot interaction literature. The included papers are all experimental HRI studies and were published in the years 2018 or 2019. We explore how trust is defined in these papers, as well as what types of questions about trust are investigated and how trust is being objectively measured. We divide trust into two categories, performance-based trust and relation-based trust, and examine how the definitions, questions, and measures fall into those two categories. We also examine how these two categories of trust line up across definition, question, and measure for a given paper. We found a conflation between performance-based trust and relation-based trust, and that while there is an interest in asking relation-based trust questions, there is a lack of objective means of measuring that trust. We offer recommendations for the formalization of trust, objective experimental paradigms, and trust-related questions to investigate.