Advanced strategies to mitigate heavy metals in ground and sewage water

Water a fundamental resource for life, faces an increasing threat from heavy metal pollution driven by population growth, industrialization and shifting consumption patterns. This review addresses the rising threat of heavy metal contamination in water resources by examining its causes and awful consequences. By evaluating innovative mitigation strategies the study emphasizes a key role of plant-microbe interactions, nanotechnology-based remediation and environmental biotechnological approaches such as including real-time monitoring and microbial fuel cells. Insights provided contribute to a universal understanding that is used to pave the way for sustainable solutions to combat heavy metal pollution and safeguard global water ecosystems.