Solid-State nanopore DNA Sequencing: Advances, challenges and prospects

Solid-state nanopore technology has been widely used for the analysis of a variety of biomolecules and will be applied to more aspects of analysis in life sciences and clinical applications. Providing a label-free, polymerase chain reaction-free approach, solid-state nanopore DNA sequencing is anticipated to become a promising next-generation technology for deciphering DNA sequences, alongside attributes such as longer read lengths, high throughput, and cost-effectiveness. It could also play a significant role in the future of disease diagnosis and treatment, and genetic disease prevention applications. This paper reviews the latest advances in the field of solid-state nanopore technology, and discusses its challenges and prospects in DNA sequencing applications. We explore methodologies to fabricate high precision nanopores, as well as to improve spatial and temporal resolution for solid-state nanopores. We also explore the potential for optimizing and improving the feasibility of solid-state nanopore DNA sequencing, with a view toward the use of these devices for single biomolecule detection and single nucleotide recognition applications. This paper aims to provide insights into the preferable technique for researching on solid-state nanopore DNA sequencing technology and its clinical applications, even for RNA and protein sequencing applications.