Characteristics and influencing factors of demoralization in patients with lung cancer: A latent class analysis

Demoralization has garnered increasing attention in recent years as a significant psychological distress. This study aims to identify latent classes of demoralization in lung cancer patients using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) from a person-centered perspective and to explore the factors influencing the latent classes of demoralization.A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted among 567 lung cancer patients in three tertiary hospitals in China. LCA was employed to classify heterogeneous classes of demoralization. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as physical symptoms, resilience, family function, and coping strategies, with class membership in the identified heterogeneous subgroups of lung cancer patients.Three latent classes of demoralization were identified: the high demoralization group (Class 1, 14.8%), the moderate demoralization-distress and helplessness group (Class 2, 37.2%), and the low demoralization group (Class 3, 48.0%). In comparison to Class 3, lung cancer patients with hypertension, higher core symptom burden, poorer resilience, dysfunctional family dynamics, and resignation coping were more likely to belong to Class 1 and Class 2.The demoralization patterns in lung cancer patients were varied. Targeted intervention should be developed based on the characteristics of each class, and timely attention should be paid to high-risk patients.