材料科学
电极
成核
纳米线
压力(语言学)
透射电子显微镜
电化学
锂(药物)
电池(电)
复合材料
纳米技术
语言学
化学
哲学
物理化学
医学
功率(物理)
物理
有机化学
量子力学
内分泌学
作者
Tianlong Huang,Yuxuan Hou,Zheng He,Ligong Zhao,Jiaheng Wang,Renhui Jiang,Shuaishuai Hu,Shile Chu,Ying Zhang,Shuangfeng Jia,Jianbo Wang
出处
期刊:ACS Nano
[American Chemical Society]
日期:2024-02-05
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsnano.3c10144
摘要
Correlating the microscopic structural characteristics with the macroscopic electrochemical performance in electrode materials is critical for developing excellent-performance lithium-ion batteries, which however remains largely unexplored. Here, we show that the Zn2SnO4 (ZTO) nanowires (NWs) with smaller diameters (d < 5 nm) exhibit slower capacity fade rate and better cycling stability, as compared with the NWs with larger diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers. By applying in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we discover a strong correlation of cracking behavior with the NW diameter. Upon the first lithiation, there exists a critical diameter of ∼80 nm, below which the NWs neither crack nor fracture, and above which the cracks could easily nucleate and propagate along the specific planes, resulting in the deteriorated cycling stability in larger sized electrodes. Further theoretical calculations based on the finite element model and the climbing image nudged elastic band method faithfully predict the size-dependent cracking behaviors, which may result from the synergistic effect of axial stress evolution as well as preferential Li-ion migration directions during the first lithiation. This work provides a real-time tracking of the tempo-spatial structural evolution of a single ZTO NW, which facilitates a fundamental understanding of how the sample size affects the electrochemical behavior and thus offers a reference for future battery design and application strategy.
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