Contrasting mechanisms of nutrient mobilization in rhizosphere hotspots driven by straw and biochar amendment

根际 生物炭 修正案 稻草 相对物种丰度 厚壁菌 矿化(土壤科学) 有机质 微生物种群生物学 放线菌门 化学 农学 营养物 生物 植物 土壤水分 生态学 丰度(生态学) 细菌 有机化学 遗传学 法学 16S核糖体RNA 热解 政治学
作者
Wen‐Hui Shang,Bahar S. Razavi,Shuihong Yao,Cunkang Hao,Yakov Kuzyakov,Еvgenia Blagodatskaya,Jing Tian
出处
期刊:Soil Biology & Biochemistry [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:187: 109212-109212 被引量:27
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.soilbio.2023.109212
摘要

Straw return strategies are widely used green management practices that can alter soil organic matter transformation and dynamics through changes in microbial community structure and functions. How the exogenous input of organic materials of contrasting qualities affects the composition of dominant taxa, growth, and microbial functional properties related to nutrient acquisition in space remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the hotsopts and kinetics of C- and N-acquiring hydrolases, microbial growth, and bacterial community structure in maize rhizosphere hotspots after the addition of straw and straw-derived biochar using soil zymography, substrate-induced respiration and high-throughput sequencing. Compared with no amendment and maize straw-derived biochar, straw addition increased the growing biomass and microbial specific growth rate by 1.2–1.6 and 1.7–2.0-fold, respectively, indicating the relative dominance of fast-growing r-strategists. This corresponds to an increased relative abundance of the keystone taxa Firmicutes and their gene copies encoding β-1,4-glucosidase (BG) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG). The potential activity and affinity (Vmax and Km) of BG increased 2.2 and 1.8 times, respectively, and those of NAG increased 4.0 and 2.0 times, respectively. In contrast, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria belonging to K-strategists increased in the biochar-amended soil. This resulted in slower growth and retarded enzymatic activity than the straw return treatment. Biochar enhanced the root biomass by 31% and increased the rhizosphere hotspot extents of BG and NAG by 26% and 47%, respectively. The highest robustness and modularity of the co-occurrence network indicated a more stable network with biochar input. In summary, the addition of straw accelerated rhizosphere nutrient cycling by triggering microbial growth, especially fast-growth r-strategists (Firmicutes), and synthesizing a large number of enzymes. In contrast, the addition of biochar increased rhizosphere nutrient mobilization by expanding the extent of rhizosphere hotspots to mobilize nutrients from a larger soil volume. This suggests that there are different strategies for nutrient mobilization in the rhizosphere with contrasting exogenous C addition.
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