Advances in high performance anion exchange membranes: Molecular design, preparation methods, and ion transport dynamics

Under the vision of carbon peak and carbon neutral, the advancement of hydrogen energy represents a pivotal approach towards attaining energy conversion. The anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE) and fuel cell (AEMFC) serve as the novel energy conversion technologies, which promise to ensure the long-term viability and sustainability of hydrogen energy. Anion exchange membrane (AEM), as the core component of membrane assembly, effectively blocks the transfer of electrons and fuel gas between electrodes, and directly affects the electrochemical performance and life of AEMWE and AEMFC. Comprehending the molecular architecture, physicochemical feature, and ion transport mechanism of AEM is vital for the fabrication of high-performance AEM and the development of energy conversion apparatus. This review commences by deliberating on the molecular blueprint of AEM, delving into the polymerization of molecules and the preparation of membrane aimed at enhancing both ionic conductivity and stability. Additionally, the fundamental operating principles of AEM are scrutinized through the theoretical ion transport dynamic mechanism.