Analytical approaches and advancement in the analysis of natural and synthetic fiber: A comprehensive review

Accurately determining fiber composition is essential for optimizing material properties across diverse applications in textiles, composites, packaging, and other bio-based materials. Fiber performance in textiles, composites, and bio-based materials depends upon their intricate composition. This review explores advanced analytical techniques for the comprehensive characterization of natural (cellulose-hemicellulose-lignin) and synthetic (polymeric) fibers. Natural fibers primarily consist of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, while synthetic fibers are formed by linking small monomer units, such as nylon, polyester, and acrylics.