Fast-charging cathode materials for lithium & sodium ion batteries

High-energy-density lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries are two important rechargeable batteries in the large-scale electrochemical energy storage devices of modern society; however, the fast-charging of them, as one of the core technologies, is still not fully and adequately resolved, especially the correlated problems of the cathode side. This review highlights the key kinetically limiting factors in the process of fast-charging from the perspective of cathodic materials, and describes the various currently reported fast-charging cathode materials with improved rapid ions diffusion capability and fast reaction kinetics. Based on the energy-storage mechanism of cathode materials during fast-charging, a series of strategies, including nanostructure, doping and multiple-system, are discussed, while emphasis on the pseudocapacitive contribution in the battery type cathode materials for constructing the fast-charging lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries.