Integrated lithium niobate optical phased array for two-dimensional beam steering

Optical phased arrays (OPAs) with high speed, low power consumption, and low insertion loss are appealing for various applications, including light detection and ranging, free-space communication, image projection, and imaging. These OPAs can be achieved by fully harnessing the advantages of integrated lithium niobate (LN) photonics, which include high electro-optical modulation speed, low driving voltage, and low optical loss. Here we present an integrated LN OPA that operates in the near-infrared regime. Our experimental results demonstrate 24 × 8° two-dimensional beam steering, a far-field beam spot with a full width at half maximum of 2 × 0.6°, and a sidelobe suppression level of 10 dB. Furthermore, the phase modulator of our OPA exhibits a half-wave voltage of 6 V. The low power consumption exhibited by our OPA makes it highly attractive for a wide range of applications. Beyond conventional applications, our OPA’s high speed opens up the possibility of novel applications such as high-density point cloud generation and tomographic holography.