Phage and phage cocktails formulations

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection is a major global problem and can be life-threatening. Bacteriophages or phages can be substituted choice over traditional antibiotics treatments. Phages are natural obligate parasites viruses of bacteria, and they can infect and kill antibiotic-sensitive and -resistant bacteria. Further, phages can be utilised as antibacterial agents against various kinds of bacterial infectious diseases. As compared to antibiotics, phages can show a more variety of modes of action and can also be safe in several cases. Phages as a mixture (cocktail) of viral strains are usually used in clinical practices. Generally, to propagate phage cocktails, the individual phage is grown and then mixed to prepare phage cocktails. Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation can be controlled through formulating phage cocktails that comprise phages infecting single species or by combining phages with non-phages (antibiotics), which may result in a broad spectrum of activity. This chapter briefly highlights the formulations and application of phage cocktails, which are being used to treat various bacterial infections.