[Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton immunotherapy for cervical high-risk HPV persistent infection].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nocardia rubra cell wall skeleton (Nr-CWS) in the treatment of persistent cervical high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection. Methods: A randomized, double blind, multi-center trial was conducted. A total of 688 patients with clinically and pathologically confirmed HR-HPV infection of the cervix diagnosed in 13 hispital nationwide were recruited and divided into: (1) patients with simple HR-HPV infection lasting for 12 months or more; (2) patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) Ⅰ and HR-HPV infection lasting for 12 months or more; (3) patients with the same HR-HPV subtype with no CINⅡ and more lesions after treatment with CINⅡ or CIN Ⅲ (CINⅡ/CIN Ⅲ). All participants were randomly divided into the test group and the control group at a ratio of 2∶1. The test group was locally treated with Nr-CWS freeze-dried powder and the control group was treated with freeze-dried powder without Nr-CWS. The efficacy and negative conversion rate of various subtypes of HR-HPV were evaluated at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months after treatment. The safety indicators of initial diagnosis and treatment were observed. Results: (1) This study included 555 patients with HR-HPV infection in the cervix (included 368 in the test group and 187 in the control group), with an age of (44.1±10.0) years. The baseline characteristics of the two groups of subjects, including age, proportion of Han people, weight, composition of HR-HPV subtypes, and proportion of each subgroup, were compared with no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). (2) After 12 months of treatment, the effective rates of the test group and the control group were 91.0% (335/368) and 44.9% (84/187), respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=142.520, P<0.001). After 12 months of treatment, the negative conversion rates of HPV 16, 18, 52, and 58 infection in the test group were 79.2% (84/106), 73.3% (22/30), 83.1% (54/65), and 77.4% (48/62), respectively. The control group were 21.6% (11/51), 1/9, 35.1% (13/37), and 20.0% (8/40), respectively. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (all P<0.001). (3) There were no statistically significant differences in vital signs (body weight, body temperature, respiration, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, etc.) and laboratory routine indicators (blood cell analysis, urine routine examination) between the test group and the control group before treatment and at 1, 4, 8, and 12 months after treatment (all P>0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions related to the investigational drug between the two groups of subjects [8.7% (32/368) vs 8.0% (15/187), respectively; χ2=0.073, P=0.787]. Conclusion: External use of Nr-CWS has good efficacy and safety in the treatment of high-risk HPV persistent infection in the cervix.目的： 评估外用红色诺卡菌细胞壁骨架（Nr-CWS）治疗子宫颈高危型人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）持续感染的有效性及安全性。 方法： 本研究为前瞻性、随机、双盲、多中心临床试验。征集2017年12月至2020年12月于全国13家医院门诊确诊为常见14种高危型HPV亚型持续感染的患者共688例。将临床及病理确诊为子宫颈高危型HPV感染的患者，分为3个亚组，（1）第一亚组：单纯性高危型HPV感染持续12个月及以上者；（2）第二亚组：子宫颈上皮内瘤变（CIN）Ⅰ伴高危型HPV感染持续12个月及以上者；（3）第三亚组：CINⅡ或CIN Ⅲ（CINⅡ/Ⅲ）手术后高危型HPV阳性亚型与术前相同，且经阴道镜和子宫颈活检确诊为非CINⅡ及以上病变（CINⅡ+）者。3个亚组以2∶1随机分入试验组与对照组，试验组受试者于子宫颈局部使用Nr-CWS冻干粉，对照组使用不含Nr-CWS的安慰剂冻干粉。分别于治疗后的1、4、8、12个月进行治疗后疗效包括消除HPV的有效率及各型高危型HPV（主要为HPV 16、18、52、58型）转阴率的评估，并比较治疗前、后安全性指标的差异。 结果： （1）本研究共纳入子宫颈高危型HPV感染患者555例（试验组368例、对照组187例），其年龄为（44.1±10.0）岁。两组受试者的基线特征包括年龄、汉族占比、体重、高危型HPV亚型构成、各亚组占比分别比较，差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。（2）治疗后12个月，试验组和对照组受试者消除HPV的有效率分别为91.0%（335/368）和44.9%（84/187），两组比较，差异有统计学意义（χ2=142.520，P<0.001）。治疗后12个月，试验组受试者HPV16、18、52、58型感染的转阴率分别为79.2%（84/106）、73.3%（22/30）、83.1%（54/65）、77.4%（48/62），对照组分别为21.6%（11/51）、1/9、35.1%（13/37）、20.0%（8/40），两组分别比较，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.001）。（3）试验组与对照组受试者在治疗前及治疗后1、4、8、12个月的生命体征（体重、体温、呼吸、心率、收缩压、舒张压等）、实验室常规指标（血、尿常规检查）分别比较，差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）；两组受试者与试验药物相关的不良反应发生率比较，差异无统计学意义［分别为8.7%（32/368）、8.0%（15/187）；χ2=0.073，P=0.787］。 结论： 外用Nr-CWS治疗子宫颈高危型HPV持续感染具有良好的疗效和安全性。.