Evolution of the spinach sex-linked region within a rarely recombining pericentromeric region

生物 遗传学 菠菜 进化生物学 生态学
作者
Hongbing She,Zhiyuan Liu,Shufen Li,Zhaosheng Xu,Helong Zhang,Feng Cheng,Jian Wu,Xiaowu Wang,Chuan‐Liang Deng,Deborah Charlesworth,Wu‐Jun Gao,Wei Qian
出处
期刊:Plant Physiology [Oxford University Press]
卷期号:193 (2): 1263-1280 被引量:9
标识
DOI:10.1093/plphys/kiad389
摘要

Abstract Sex chromosomes have evolved independently in many different plant lineages. Here, we describe reference genomes for spinach (Spinacia oleracea) X and Y haplotypes by sequencing homozygous XX females and YY males. The long arm of 185-Mb chromosome 4 carries a 13-Mb X-linked region (XLR) and 24.1-Mb Y-linked region (YLR), of which 10 Mb is Y specific. We describe evidence that this reflects insertions of autosomal sequences creating a “Y duplication region” or “YDR” whose presence probably directly reduces genetic recombination in the immediately flanking regions, although both the X and Y sex-linked regions are within a large pericentromeric region of chromosome 4 that recombines rarely in meiosis of both sexes. Sequence divergence estimates using synonymous sites indicate that YDR genes started diverging from their likely autosomal progenitors about 3 MYA, around the time when the flanking YLR stopped recombining with the XLR. These flanking regions have a higher density of repetitive sequences in the YY than the XX assembly and include slightly more pseudogenes compared with the XLR, and the YLR has lost about 11% of the ancestral genes, suggesting some degeneration. Insertion of a male-determining factor would have caused Y linkage across the entire pericentromeric region, creating physically small, highly recombining, terminal pseudoautosomal regions. These findings provide a broader understanding of the origin of sex chromosomes in spinach.
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