Rhamnose Displays an Anti-Obesity Effect Through Stimulation of Adipose Dopamine Receptors and Thermogenesis

The imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure leads to the prevalence of obesity worldwide. A strategy to simultaneously limit energy intake and promote energy expenditure would be an important new obesity treatment. Here, we identified rhamnose as a nonnutritive sweetener to promote adipose thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Rhamnose promotes cAMP production and PKA activation through dopamine receptor D1 in adipose tissue. As a result, rhamnose administration promotes UCP1-dependent thermogenesis and ameliorates obesity in mice. Thus, we have demonstrated a rhamnose–dopamine receptor D1–PKA axis critical for thermogenesis, and that rhamnose may have a role in therapeutic molecular diets against obesity.