[Clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment strategies of patients with severe traumatic aortic injury].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnosis and treatment strategies of patients with severe traumatic aortic injury (TAI). Methods: A total of 25 patients with TAI, who hospitalized in our hospital between August 2005 to March 2021 and underwent thoracic aortic endovascular repair (TEVAR), were included in this retrospective study. According to the time from admission to TEVAR, the patients were divided into emergency TEVAR group (14 cases, TEVAR within 24 h of admission) and elective TEVAR group (11 cases, patients underwent surgery or fracture reduction and fixation first for serious injuries and then underwent TEVAR more than 24 h after admission). The general clinical data of patients, injury severity score (ISS), time from admission to intervention, total hospital stay, the proportion of closed chest drainage and the proportion of abdominal organ repair were obtained and compared. Clinical follow-up and 1-year postoperative aortic computed tomography angiography (CTA) were performed on the patients. Death, the occurrence of aortic adverse events and injury recovery were followed up and recorded. Results: The mean age of these 25 TAI patients was (41.4±14.4) years, 20 patients were males (80.0%). 21 patients (84.0%) had persistent chest and back pain, 17 (68.0%) had pleural effusion and 5 (20.0%) had mediastinal hematoma. The injury severity score (ISS) was significantly higher in the elective TEVAR group than in the emergency TEVAR group (24.9±14.4 vs. 35.5±9.3, P=0.044). The time from admission to intervention ((1.0±0.0) d vs. (3.4±0.9) d, P<0.001], the time from admission to TEVAR ((1.0±0.0) d vs. (11.5±13.8) d, P=0.030) and total hospital stay ((6.1±2.3) d vs. (26.8±7.7) d, P<0.001) were significantly longer in elective TEVAR group than in emergency TEVAR group. The proportion of thoracic closed drainage was significantly lower in the elective TEVAR group than in the emergency TEVAR group (9 (64.3%) vs. 2 (18.2%), P=0.042). The proportion of abdominal organ repair was significantly higher than in the emergency TEVAR group (0 vs. 4 (36.4%), P=0.026). All of 25 patients were discharged alive and followed up for (84.0±30.5) months. All patients survived and completed 1-year postoperation CTA. There were no aortic adverse events occurred, and no complications after surgery, and the fractures and organ injuries healed well. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of severe TAI are acute multi-injuries combined with persistent chest and/or back pain, pleural effusion, and mediastinal hematoma. Timely diagnosis and treatment are important factors for the outcome. The treatment strategy for multi-injuries should give priority to dealing with life-threatening injuries. TEVAR is the primary treatment strategy for severe TAI and is related to satisfactory outcomes.目的： 探讨严重创伤性主动脉损伤（TAI）患者的临床特征及诊疗策略。 方法： 本研究为回顾性成组病例分析。选取2005年8月至2021年3月于北部战区总医院明确诊断为TAI且行胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）治疗的25例患者，根据患者入院与TEVAR时间间隔，入院24 h内行TEVAR的患者为急诊TEVAR组（14例），入院先行外科手术或骨折复位固定等处理严重合并伤，24 h后行TEVAR的患者为择期TEVAR组（11例）。收集并比较两组患者的一般临床资料，创伤严重度评分（ISS）、入院与实施干预时间间隔、住院时长、胸腔闭式引流比例、腹部脏器修复比例等。对患者进行临床随访及术后1年主动脉计算机断层扫描血管造影（CTA）影像学随访，记录患者是否死亡、主动脉不良事件发生情况及外伤恢复情况。 结果： 25例TAI患者年龄（41.4±14.4）岁，其中男性20例（80.0%）。21例（84.0%）持续性胸背痛，17例（68.0%）胸腔积液，5例（20.0%）纵隔血肿。与急诊TEVAR组相比，择期TEVAR组ISS更高［（24.9±14.4）分比（35.5±9.3）分，P=0.044］，入院与实施干预时间间隔［（1.0±0.0）d比（3.4±0.9）d，P<0.001］、入院与TEVAR时间间隔［（1.0±0.0）d比（11.5±13.8）d，P=0.030］及住院时长［（6.1±2.3）d比（26.8±7.7）d，P<0.001］更长，差异均有统计学意义。与急诊TEVAR组相比，择期TEVAR组接受胸腔闭式引流比例更低［9例（64.3%）比2例（18.2%），P=0.042］，接受腹部脏器修复比例更高［0例比4例（36.4%），P=0.026］，差异均有统计学意义。25例患者均存活出院，随访（84.0±30.5）个月，患者无死亡，均完成术后1年CTA复查，无主动脉不良事件发生，外科手术未遗留后遗症，骨折及脏器伤愈合良好。 结论： 严重TAI的临床特征为多发急性外伤伴有持续性胸背痛、胸腔积液、纵隔血肿，需及时明确诊断。多发伤处理应选择优先处理危及生命的损伤，严重TAI首选行TEVAR治疗策略，安全可行。.