膨胀压力
细胞壁
渗透浓度
生物物理学
刚度
细菌细胞结构
化学
单元格信封
变形(气象学)
材料科学
复合材料
细菌
生物
生物化学
大肠杆菌
遗传学
基因
作者
Rui Han,Xin Feng,Waldemar Vollmer,Paul Stoodley,Jinju Chen
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.100
摘要
Bacteria adapt the mechanical properties of their cell envelope, including cell wall stiffness, turgor, and cell wall tension and deformation, to grow and survive in harsh environments. However, it remains a technical challenge to simultaneously determine these mechanical properties at a single cell level. Here we combined theoretical modelling with an experimental approach to quantify the mechanical properties and turgor of Staphylococcus epidermidis. It was found that high osmolarity leads to a decrease in both cell wall stiffness and turgor. We also demonstrated that the turgor change is associated with a change in the viscosity of the bacterial cell. We predicted that the cell wall tension is much higher in deionized (DI) water and it decreases with an increase in osmolality. We also found that an external force increases the cell wall deformation to reinforce its adherence to a surface and this effect can be more significant in lower osmolarity. Overall, our work highlights how bacterial mechanics supports survival in harsh environments and uncovers the adaption of bacterial cell wall mechanical integrity and turgor to osmotic and mechanical challenges.
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