雨生红球菌
虾青素
雨生植物
保健品
代谢工程
生物
生物技术
类胡萝卜素
基因
生物化学
作者
Y. B. ll Gu,Michelle Yee Mun Teo,Lionel Lian Aun In,Kazuya Shimizu,Kyu‐Jung Chae,Thi Ngoc Thu Tran,Kuan Shiong Khoo
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103298
摘要
Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis) is a significant natural source of astaxanthin, garnering interest in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. However, astaxanthin production from H. pluvialis is constrained by factors such as a lengthy cultivation period and thick cell walls. Recent research has explored different strategies, such as optimising cultivation conditions, to enhance astaxanthin biosynthesis. This review paper aims to summarise the recent advancement of metabolic and genetic engineering in astaxanthin biosynthesis from H. pluvialis. The review would provide a comprehensive analysis of the molecular components and mechanism involved in the biosynthesis pathway of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis, revealing the specific genes responsible for governing its biosynthesis. Numerous metabolic methodologies are investigated, including manipulating light intensity, salinity, nutrient deficiency, and temperature to enhance microalgae biomass and astaxanthin accumulation. Genetic engineering strategies have recently been studied to manipulate specific genes (e.g. bkt, CrtR-b, pds) to increase astaxanthin production. However, the limitation of genetic engineering is still unclear due to its mechanism of astaxanthin esterification and the transport of secondary β-carotenoids from the chloroplast to the cytosol. This lack of understanding has posed a challenge to maximise astaxanthin production through genetic engineering. This review also provides recent insights and future research directions for genetic engineering by providing a holistic approach to the complex interplay of genetics, metabolism, and biotechnological strategies to maximise astaxanthin production.
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