Authentication of the geographical origin of sesame seeds based on proximate composition, multi-element and volatile fingerprinting combined with chemometrics

The current study was designed to discriminate and authenticate sesame seeds cultivated in China, Togo, Sudan, Mozambique and Ethiopia. Fingerprinting analysis combined with chemometrics was applied to clarify the differences present in the chemical elements and volatiles of sesame seeds. Clear separations were observed among different groups of sesame seeds. Discrimination models were established with 100 % correction rate for the authentication of investigated sesame seeds. A panel of 14 chemical elements and 12 volatile compounds with p value < 0.05 and VIP score > 1 was suggested as important contributors for the discrimination of sesame seeds from China, Togo, Sudan, Mozambique and Ethiopia. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that chemical analysis together with chemometrics is of great applicability to authenticate the geographical origins of sesame seeds.