Dissolved organic matter transformation mechanisms and process optimization of wastewater sludge hydrothermal humification treatment for producing plant biostimulants

腐殖质 化学 溶解有机碳 腐植酸 有机质 废水 环境化学 有机化学 生物 废物管理 肥料 土壤水分 工程类 生态学
作者
Siying Cai,Yu Zhang,Aibin Hu,Ming Liu,Hanjun Wu,Dongsheng Wang,Weijun Zhang
出处
期刊:Water Research [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:235: 119910-119910 被引量:41
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2023.119910
摘要

Understanding the composition, transformation and bioactivity of dissolved organic matter (DOM) at the molecular level is crucial for investigating the hydrothermal humification process of wastewater sludge and producing ecological fertilizers. In this study, DOM transformation pathways under alkali–thermal humification treatment (AHT) were characterized by Fourier transform–ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT–ICR MS) in conjunction with molecular reaction network analysis. The effects of DOM on plant growth were examined using hydroponics and transcriptomic analysis. In the wastewater sludge humification process, AHT produced maximum amounts of protein (3260.56 mg/L) and humic acid (5788.24 mg/L) after 12 h. FT–ICR MS results indicated that protein-like structures were prone to continuous oxidation and were ultimately transformed into aromatic N-containing compounds resembling humic substances. Several reactive fragments (such as –C2H2O2, –C3H4O2, and –C4H6O2) formed by the Maillard reaction (MR) were identified as potential precursors to humic acid (HA). In terms of biological effects, DOM12h showed the highest rice germination and growth activity, whereas that produced by AHT for a longer period (> 12 h) displayed phytotoxicity owing to the accumulation of toxic substances. Plant biostimulants (such as amino acids and HAs) in DOM improved energy metabolism and carbohydrate storage in rice seedlings by upregulating the “starch and sucrose metabolism” pathways. Toxic substances (such as pyrrole, pyridine, and melanoidin) in DOM can activate cell walls formation to inhibit abiotic stimuli in rice seedlings through the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid pathway. These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing sludge hydrothermal humification and recovering high-quality liquid fertilizers.
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