Cluster of Bacteria Associated with Peri-Implantitis

Abstract Background Information on the microbiota in peri‐implantitis is limited. We hypothesized that neither gender nor a history of periodontitis/smoking or the microbiota at implants differ by implant status. Materials and Methods Baseline microbiological samples collected at one implant in each of 166 participants with peri‐implantitis and from 47 individuals with a healthy implant were collected and analyzed by DNA–DNA checkerboard hybridization (78 species). Clinical and radiographic data defined implant status. Results Nineteen bacterial species were found at higher counts from implants with peri‐implantitis including A ggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , C ampylobacter gracilis , C ampylobacter rectus , C ampylobacter showae , H elicobacter pylori , H aemophilus influenzae , P orphyromonas gingivalis , S taphylococcus aureus , S taphylococcus anaerobius , S treptococcus intermedius , S treptococcus mitis , T annerella forsythia , T reponema denticola , and T reponema socranskii ( p < .001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified T . forsythia , P . gingivalis , T . socranskii , S taph. aureus , S taph. anaerobius , S trep. intermedius , and S trep. mitis in peri‐implantitis comprising 30% of the total microbiota. When adjusted for gender (not significant [ NS ]), smoking status ( NS ), older age ( p = .003), periodontitis history ( p < .01), and T . forsythia (likelihood ratio 3.6, 95% confidence interval 1.4, 9.1, p = .007) were associated with peri‐implantitis. Conclusion A cluster of bacteria including T . forsythia and S taph. aureus are associated with peri‐implantitis.