Research advances in the mechanical joining process for fiber reinforced plastic composites

Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites have received extensive attention in the auto industry and aviation field. For realizing the mechanical joining of fiber reinforced plastic composite, much research has been conducted. In this article, the latest development of the mechanical joining process for fiber reinforced plastic composites was reviewed. The application of numerical analysis methods in the mechanical joining process was also briefly described. Nine diverse mechanical joining processes were discussed, including bolted joining, hole-clinched joining, mechanical clinching, self-piercing riveting, electromagnetic riveting, friction riveting, injection clinching joining, Z-pin joining, and hybrid bond-bolted/riveted joining. The superiorities and drawbacks of diverse mechanical joining techniques were completely summarized. Furthermore, several future research trends for FRP composites were presented, such as establishing a comprehensive numerical analysis model of FRP composites, developing new hybrid joining processes, and developing non-destructive testing technique for defect visualization.