Hepatocellular Carcinoma with a Pseudocapsule on Gadolinium-enhanced MR Images: Correlation with Histopathologic Findings

医学 肝细胞癌 肝硬化 纤维化 六氯环己烷 磁共振成像 放射科 回顾性队列研究 病理 机构审查委员会 核医学 胃肠病学 外科 内科学
作者
Kousei Ishigami,Kengo Yoshimitsu,Yunosuke Nishihara,Hiroyuki Irié,Yoshiki Asayama,Tsuyoshi Tajima,Akihiro Nishie,Masakazu Hirakawa,Yasuhiro Ushijima,Daisuke Okamoto,Akinobu Taketomi,Hiroshi Honda
出处
期刊:Radiology [Radiological Society of North America]
卷期号:250 (2): 435-443 被引量:174
标识
DOI:10.1148/radiol.2501071702
摘要

Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with a pseudocapsule on dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) images. Materials and Methods: The institutional review board approval was obtained, and the requirements for informed consent were waived for this retrospective study. Dynamic MR studies of surgically resected 106 HCCs in 93 patients were retrospectively reviewed. A false-positive fibrous capsule (FC) on dynamic MR images was considered to be a pseudocapsule. Pathologic specimens of HCCs with a pseudocapsule were reviewed. The differences in size, tumor grade, the degree of liver fibrosis and background liver diseases, and the incidence of vascular invasion were compared between HCCs with a pseudocapsule on MR images and those with FC at histologic examination by using Student t, Kruskal-Wallis, and χ2 tests. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of dynamic MR in the diagnosis of histologic FC were 94.0% (47 of 50), 73.2% (41 of 56), and 83.0% (88 of 106), respectively. There were 15 (14.2%) HCCs with a pseudocapsule. The pathologic specimens suggested possible causes of the pseudocapsule that included prominent sinusoids (n = 6), peritumoral fibrosis mimicking bridging fibrosis (n = 3), and both (n = 5). In one case, the capsulated HCC was surrounded by a well-differentiated HCC component. The mean size of a HCC with a pseudocapsule tended to be smaller than that with histologic FC, although it was not significant (mean ± standard deviation: 2.8 cm ± 1.0 vs 3.5 cm ± 2.0, P = .09). Liver cirrhosis was less frequent in HCCs with a pseudocapsule than in those with a histologic FC (one of 14 [7.1%] vs 20 of 49 [40.8%], P < .05). The tumor grades were not significantly different, and the incidence of vascular invasion after standardizing the tumor size (≤4 cm) was similar (five of 14 [35.7%] vs 12 of 37 [32.4%]). Conclusion: Dynamic MR imaging is accurate in depicting FC in HCCs. HCC with a pseudocapsule at MR possibly consists of peritumoral sinusoids and/or fibrosis. The pseudocapsule may be similar to histologic FC in terms of tumor invasiveness. © RSNA, 2008
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