焊剂(冶金)
氧气
碳循环
微粒
太平洋
大气科学
碳纤维
自行车
沉积物捕集器
化学
总有机碳
分析化学(期刊)
海洋学
环境化学
生态学
物理
生物
地质学
地理
数学
生态系统
复合数
考古
有机化学
算法
作者
John H. Martin,George A. Knauer,David M. Karl,William W. Broenkow
出处
期刊:Deep-sea research
[Elsevier]
日期:1987-02-01
卷期号:34 (2): 267-285
被引量:1731
标识
DOI:10.1016/0198-0149(87)90086-0
摘要
Particulate organic carbon fluxes were measured with free-floating particle traps at nine locations during VERTEX and related studies. Examination of these data indicated that there was relatively little spatial variability in open ocean fluxes. To obtain mean rates representative of the oligotrophic environment, flux data from six stations were combined and fitted to a normalized power function, F = F100 (z/100)b; e.g. the open ocean composite C flux in mol m−2 y−1 = 1.53 (z/100−0.858 with depth z in meters. It is shown that the vertical derivative of particulate fluxes may indicate solute regeneration rates, and accordingly regeneration rates for C, H and N were estimated. Oxygen utilization rates were also estimated under the assumption that 1.5, 1.0 and 0.25 moles of O2 were used for each mole of N, C and H regenerated. Regeneration ratios of these elements were depth-dependent: i.e. N:C:H:−O2 = 1.0 N: 6.2 (z/100)0.130 C: 10.0(z/100)0.146 H: [1.5 + 6.2 (z/100)0.130 + 2.5 (z/100)0.146]−O2. Comparisons of our rates with those in the literature indicate that trap-derived new productivities in the open Pacific (≈1.5 mol C m−2 y−1) are substantially less than those estimated from oxygen utilization rates in the Sargasso Sea (≈4 mol C m−2 y−1). A hypothesis is presented which attempts to explain this discrepancy on the basis of the lateral transport and decomposition of slow or non-sinking POC in the Sargasso Sea. Data gathered during the VERTEX studies are also used for various global estimates. Open ocean primary productivities are estimated at 130 g C m−2 y−1 which results in a global open ocean productivity of 42 Gt y−1. Organic C removal from the surface of the ocean via particulate sinking (new production) is on the order of 6 Gt y−1. Fifty percent of this C is regenerated in the upper 300 m of the water column. The ratio of new production (measured with traps) to total primary production (measured via 14C) is 0.14. It is concluded that the 14C technique yields reasonable estimates of primary productivity provided that care is taken to prevent heavy metal contamination.
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