Inhibition of mitochondrial beta-oxidation as a mechanism of hepatotoxicity

Severe and prolonged impairment of mitochondrial β-oxidation leads to microvesicular steatosis, and, in severe forms, to liver failure, coma and death. Impairment of mitochondrial β-oxidation may be either genetic or acquired, and different causes may add their effects to inhibit β-oxidation severely and trigger the syndrome. Drugs and some endogenous compounds can sequester coenzyme A and/or inhibit mitochondrial β-oxidation enzymes (aspirin, valproic acid, tetracyclines, several 2-arylpropionate anti-inflammatory drugs, amineptine and tianeptine); they may inhibit both mitochondrial β-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation (endogenous bile acids, amiodarone, perhexiline and diethylaminoethoxyhexestrol), or they may impair mitochondrial DNA transcription (interferon-α), or decrease mitochondrial DNA replication (dideoxynucleoside analogues), while other compounds (ethanol, female sex hormones) act through a combination of different mechanisms. Any investigational molecule should be screened for such effects.