Direct chiral resolution of malic acid in apple juice by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis using copper(II)-L-tartaric acid as a chiral selector

Chiral resolution of native DL-malic acid was achieved by ligand-exchange capillary electrophoresis using copper(II)-L-tartrate as a chiral selector. Factors affecting chiral resolution, migration time, and peak area of malic acid were studied. The running conditions for optimum separation of malic acid were found to be 1 mM copper(II) sulfate-1 mM L-tartrate (pH 5.1) with an effective voltage of -20 kV at 30 degrees C, using direct detection at 280 nm, and resolution (Rs) of racemic malic acid was approximately 4. With this system, D- and L-malic acids in apple juice were analyzed successfully.