Grain boundary oxide layers in NdFeB-based permanent magnets

钕磁铁 材料科学 氧化物 晶界 微观结构 磁铁 金属间化合物 冶金 合金 铁磁性 矫顽力 凝聚态物理 光学 激光器 物理 量子力学
作者
Andrey Mazilkin,Boris B. Straumal,S. G. Protasova,Mohammad Saleh Gorji,A. B. Straumal,M. Katter,Gisela Schütz,B. Barezky
出处
期刊:Materials & Design [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:199: 109417-109417 被引量:94
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.matdes.2020.109417
摘要

The microstructure of grain boundaries (GBs) in the commercial NdFeB-based alloy for permanent magnets has been studied. It is generally accepted that the unique hard magnetic properties of such alloys are controlled by the thin layers of a Nd-rich phase in Nd$_{2}$Fe$_{14}$B/Nd$_{2}$Fe$_{14}$B GBs. These GB layers ensure the magnetic isolation of Nd$_{2}$Fe$_{14}$B grains from each other. It is usually supposed that such GB layers contain metallic Nd or Nd-rich intermetallic compounds. However, the commercial NdFeB-based permanent magnets frequently contain a tangible amount of neodymium oxide Nd$_{2}$O$_{3}$ at the triple junctions between Nd$_{2}$Fe$_{14}$B grains. The goal of this work was to check whether the Nd$_{2}$Fe$_{14}$B/Nd$_{2}$Fe$_{14}$B GBs could also contain the thin layers of Nd$_{2}$O$_{3}$ oxide phase. Indeed, the screening with EELS-based elemental analysis permitted to observe that some of these Nd-rich layers in Nd$_{2}$Fe$_{14}$B/Nd$_{2}$Fe$_{14}$B GBs contain not only neodymium, but also oxygen. More detailed analysis of such GBs with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR TEM) showed these GB layers are crystalline and have the lattice of neodymium oxide Nd$_{2}$O$_{3}$. In turn, the Lorentz micro-magnetic contrast in TEM permitted to observe that the Nd-oxide GB layers prevent the migration of domain walls from one Nd$_{2}$Fe$_{14}$B grain to another during remagnetization. This finding proves that the GB oxide layers, similar to those of metallic Nd or Nd-rich intermetallic compounds, can ensure the magnetic isolation between Nd$_{2}$Fe$_{14}$B grains needed for high coercivity. Therefore, the GB oxide layers can be used for further development of NdFeB-based permanent magnets.
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