持续性
自然资源经济学
农业
消费(社会学)
食物系统
食品加工
食物垃圾
生产(经济)
农业生产力
分布(数学)
温室气体
人口
经济
妥协
可持续农业
粮食安全
业务
地理
环境卫生
生态学
食品科学
生物
社会科学
数学
数学分析
社会学
医学
宏观经济学
考古
作者
Tomoko Hasegawa,Peter Havlík,Stefan Frank,Amanda Palazzo,Hugo Valin
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41893-019-0371-6
摘要
Ending hunger is a Sustainable Development Goal of the UN. However, feeding a growing world population by increasing food production without implementing more sustainable consumption will threaten the environment. We explore alternative hunger eradication scenarios that do not compromise environmental protection. We find that an economy-growth-oriented scenario, which ignores inequitable food distribution and is aimed at ending hunger by increasing overall food availability, would require about 20% more food production, 48 Mha of additional agricultural land and would increase greenhouse gas emissions by 550 Mt of CO2 equivalents yr−1 in 2030, compared with the business-as-usual scenario. If hunger eradication efforts were focused solely on the under-nourished, food demand would increase by only 3%, and the associated environmental trade-offs would be largely reduced. Moreover, a combined scenario that targets the under-nourished while also reducing over-consumption, food waste, agricultural intensification and other environmental impacts would reduce food demand by 9% compared with the business-as-usual scenario and would lead to the multiple benefits of reducing hunger and contributing to environmental sustainability. A scenario simulation to tackle hunger globally reveals that improving food availability for the under-nourished through better distribution has a better environmental performance than increasing overall food availability.
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