Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

青铜时代 地理 句号(音乐) 人口学 中世纪 中东 古代史 凯尔特语族 历史
作者
Nick Patterson,Michael Isakov,Thomas Booth,Lindsey Büster,Claire-Elise Fischer,Iñigo Olalde,Harald Ringbauer,Ali Akbari,Olivia Cheronet,Madeleine Bleasdale,Nicole Adamski,Eveline Altena,Rebecca Bernardos,Selina Brace,Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht,Kimberly Callan,Francesca Candilio,Brendan Culleton,Elizabeth Curtis,Lea Demetz,Kellie Sara Duffett Carlson,Daniel Fernandes,M. George B. Foody,Suzanne Freilich,Helen Goodchild,Aisling Kearns,Ann Marie Lawson,Iosif Lazaridis,Matthew Mah,Swapan Mallick,Kirsten Mandl,Adam Micco,Megan Michel,Guillermo Bravo Morante,Jonas Oppenheimer,Kadir Toykan Özdoğan,Lijun Qiu,Constanze Schattke,Kristin Stewardson,J. Noah Workman,Fatma Zalzala,Zhao Zhang,Bibiana Agustí,Tim Allen,Katalin Almássy,Luc Amkreutz,Abigail Ash,Christèle Baillif-Ducros,Alistair Barclay,László Bartosiewicz,Katherine Baxter,Zsolt Bernert,Jan Blažek,Mario Bodružić,Philippe Boissinot,Clive Bonsall,Pippa Bradley,Marcus Brittain,Alison Brookes,Fraser Brown,Lisa Brown,Richard Brunning,Chelsea Budd,Josip Burmaz,Sylvain Canet,Silvia Carnicero-Cáceres,Morana Čaušević-Bully,Andrew T. Chamberlain,Sébastien Chauvin,Sharon Clough,Natalija Čondić,Alfredo Coppa,Oliver E. Craig,Matija Črešnar,Vicki Cummings,Szabolcs Czifra,Alžběta Danielisová,Robin Daniels,Alex Davies,Philip de Jersey,Jody Deacon,Csilla Deminger,Peter W. Ditchfield,Marko Dizdar,Miroslav Dobeš,Miluše Dobisíková,László Domboróczki,Gail Drinkall,Ana Đukić,Ceiridwen J. Edwards,Michal Ernée,Christopher Evans,Jane Evans,Manuel Fernández-Götz,Slavica Filipović,Andrew Fitzpatrick,Harry Fokkens,Chris Fowler,Allison Fox,Zsolt Gallina
出处
期刊:Nature [Nature Portfolio]
被引量:1
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41586-021-04287-4
摘要

Present-day people from England and Wales have more ancestry derived from early European farmers (EEF) than did people of the Early Bronze Age1. To understand this, here we generated genome-wide data from 793 individuals, increasing data from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age in Britain by 12-fold, and western and central Europe by 3.5-fold. Between 1000 and 875 bc, EEF ancestry increased in southern Britain (England and Wales) but not northern Britain (Scotland) due to incorporation of migrants who arrived at this time and over previous centuries, and who were genetically most similar to ancient individuals from France. These migrants contributed about half the ancestry of people of England and Wales from the Iron Age, thereby creating a plausible vector for the spread of early Celtic languages into Britain. These patterns are part of a broader trend of EEF ancestry becoming more similar across central and western Europe in the Middle to the Late Bronze Age, coincident with archaeological evidence of intensified cultural exchange2,3,4,5,6. There was comparatively less gene flow from continental Europe during the Iron Age, and the independent genetic trajectory in Britain is also reflected in the rise of the allele conferring lactase persistence to approximately 50% by this time compared to approximately 7% in central Europe where it rose rapidly in frequency only a millennium later. This suggests that dairy products were used in qualitatively different ways in Britain and in central Europe over this period.
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