Three methods for the single-photon transport in a chiral cavity quantum electrodynamics system

We investigate the single-photon transport problem in the system of a Whispering-Gallery mode microresonator directionally coupled with a two-level quantum emitter (QE). This QE-microresonator coupling system can usually be studied by cavity quantum electrodynamics and the single-photon transport methods. However, we find that if we treat a two-level QE as a single-photon phase-amplitude modulator, we can also deal with such systems using the transfer matrix method. Further, in theory, we prove that these three methods are equivalent. The corresponding relations of respective parameters among these approaches are precisely deduced. Our work can be extended to a multiple-resonator system interacting with two-level QEs in a chiral way. Therefore, the transfer matrix method may provide a convenient and intuitive form for exploring more complex chiral QE-resonator interaction systems.