Analysing observations

Although detailed statistical analyses are beyond the scope of this book, there are some important general principles about organizing and analyzing data. Hypotheses have to be phrased in such a way that they can be tested and a level of ‘significance’ set for the outcome. This chapter presents a brief review of the most frequently used statistical tests that are available, including a discussion of parametric and non-parametric tests. The presentation of results and writing the project report or paper is an important part of any project.