Graphene-Fiber Microelectrodes for Ultrasensitive Neurochemical Detection

Here, we have synthesized and characterized graphene-fiber microelectrodes (GFME's) for subsecond detection of neurochemicals with fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) for the first time. GFME's exhibited extraordinary properties including faster electron transfer kinetics, significantly improved sensitivity, and ease of tunability that we anticipate will have major impacts on neurochemical detection for years to come. GF's have been used in the literature for various applications; however, scaling their size down to microelectrodes and implementing them as neurochemical microsensors is significantly less developed. The GF's developed in this paper were on average 20–30 μm in diameter and both graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) fibers were characterized with FSCV. Neat GF's were synthesized using a one-step dimension-confined hydrothermal strategy. FSCV detection has traditionally used carbon-fiber microelectrodes (CFME's) and more recently carbon nanotube fiber electrodes; however, uniform functionalization and direct control of the 3D surface structure of these materials remain limited. The expansion to GFME's will certainly open new avenues for fine-tuning the electrode surface for specific electrochemical detection. When comparing to traditional CFME's, our GFME's exhibited significant increases in electron transfer, redox cycling, fouling resistance, higher sensitivity, and frequency independent behavior which demonstrates their incredible utility as biological sensors.