Applications of homogeneous catalysis in organic synthesis

Homogeneous catalysis contributes to about 17%–30% of total synthesis in industries. In the last decades the progress in homogeneous catalysis has been increased significantly particularly in pharmaceutical and polymer industries. Homogeneous catalysis utilizes a catalyst that is in the same phase as the other reactants. Homogeneous catalysts may be the simple molecules or ions such as acids, bases, metal ions, and complex molecules such as organometallic complexes, macrocyclic compounds, and large enzyme molecules. There are so many industrial products that have been synthesized by homogeneous catalysis such as neohexane, Vestenamer 8012, and polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD). Homogeneous catalysis is an excellent approach in synthetic chemistry due to its interesting mechanisms and kinetics. It also provides opportunities to know the molecular causes of the reactivity. In the present compilation, we have summarized various homogeneous catalytic approaches for synthesis of wide variety of compounds utilizing different catalysts.