渗透力
反向电渗析
纳米流体学
可再生能源
缓压渗透
能量转换
海水淡化
渗透压
正渗透
能量转换效率
渗透
工艺工程
纳米技术
电渗析
膜
材料科学
化学
反渗透
工程类
物理
电气工程
热力学
生物化学
光电子学
作者
Zhen Zhang,Liping Wen,Lei Jiang
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41578-021-00300-4
摘要
The osmotic pressure difference between river water and seawater is a promising source of renewable energy. However, current osmotic energy conversion processes show limited power output, mainly owing to the low performance of commercial ion-exchange membranes. Nanofluidic channels with tailored ion transport dynamics enable high-performance reverse electrodialysis to efficiently harvest renewable osmotic energy. In this Review, we discuss ion diffusion through nanofluidic channels and investigate the rational design and optimization of advanced membrane architectures. We highlight how the structure and charge distribution can be tailored to minimize resistance and promote energy conversion, and examine the possibility of integrating nanofluidic osmotic energy conversion with other technologies, such as desalination and water splitting. Finally, we give an outlook to future applications and discuss challenges that need to be overcome to enable large-scale, real-world applications. Osmotic energy conversion is a promising renewable energy source. This Review discusses nanofluidics-based osmotic energy conversion systems, investigating the principles of ion diffusion in nanofluidic systems, optimization of membrane architectures to increase energy conversion and possible integration with other technologies, such as water splitting.
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