GDOP of Navigation using Pseudorange and Doppler Shift from a LEO Constellation

A study is conducted on the Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) for a navigation system leveraging carrier Doppler shift and pseudorange measurements from new massive Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations. The study develops a generalized GDOP analysis that can be used with both pseudorange and carrier Doppler shift data simultaneously. With the large number of LEO satellites being launched in the coming years, a multitude of signals that could be used for navigation will become available. The suitability of different constellations for navigation is investigated. Guidelines are developed that aid in determining when and how to effectively use the developed GDOP analysis.