Artificial intelligence: opportunities in lung cancer.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this article, we focus on the role of artificial intelligence in the management of lung cancer. We summarized commonly used algorithms, current applications and challenges of artificial intelligence in lung cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Feature engineering for tabular data and computer vision for image data are commonly used algorithms in lung cancer research. Furthermore, the use of artificial intelligence in lung cancer has extended to the entire clinical pathway including screening, diagnosis and treatment. Lung cancer screening mainly focuses on two aspects: identifying high-risk populations and the automatic detection of lung nodules. Artificial intelligence diagnosis of lung cancer covers imaging diagnosis, pathological diagnosis and genetic diagnosis. The artificial intelligence clinical decision-support system is the main application of artificial intelligence in lung cancer treatment. Currently, the challenges of artificial intelligence applications in lung cancer mainly focus on the interpretability of artificial intelligence models and limited annotated datasets; and recent advances in explainable machine learning, transfer learning and federated learning might solve these problems. SUMMARY Artificial intelligence shows great potential in many aspects of the management of lung cancer, especially in screening and diagnosis. Future studies on interpretability and privacy are needed for further application of artificial intelligence in lung cancer.