Globally and locally applicable technologies to accelerate electrification

In an increasing number of regions, new utility-scale solar and wind power plants generate electricity at lower costs than fossil fuel–fired power systems. However, many other renewable energy technologies have not yet become cost-competitive and are only emerging in the markets. The emerging technologies entail the application of various policy instruments for their continued development as does the accelerated deployment of solar and wind power. However, all energy technologies have historically required support to become mainstream. This chapter introduces the most promising power production technologies that can support the transition of energy systems and societies toward climate neutrality. Our primary focus is on technological development and expansion, mindful of the economic, social, and environmental challenges associated with each technology as well as their applicability on a global scale.