Effects of Freeze-Thaw and Storage on Enzymatic Activities, Protein Oxidative Damage, and Immunocontent of the Blood, Liver, and Brain of Rats

Most scientific studies are too long to be conducted in a single day or even in a few days. Thus, there is a need to store samples for subsequent investigations. There is sparse information about specific sample storage protocols that minimize analytical error and variability in evaluations of redox parameters. Therefore, the effects of storage temperature and freezing time on enzymatic activities, protein oxidative damage, and CAT (catalase) and SOD1 (superoxide dismutase) immunocontent of blood, liver, and brain from rats were determined for two different sample forms (frozen homogenized tissue or frozen intact tissue). Superoxide dismutase activity was drastically decreased in blood and liver with an increase in freezing time, but not in brain. Catalase activity showed a decrease only in intact liver at −20 and −80°C. In contrast, in blood it showed an increase in intact tissue at −20 and −80°C. Reduced thiol groups generally decreased with freezing time, but showed an increase in intact blood at −20 and −80°C, probably because of color interference. Carbonyl groups in homogenized liver and brain, and in intact blood (except at 80°C) drastically increased with freezing time. Freezing time did not modulate the immunocontent of CAT and SOD1 levels in any tissue. In conclusion, our results indicate that storage at −20°C affects redox parameters more than storage at −80°C. Storage for a long time may compromise the samples, leading to changing parameters due to oxidative stress. Thus, we suggest processing the samples as soon as possible. However, if this is not possible, then material can be aliquoted into different tubes to prevent the effect of refreezing of samples.