Polyamides from Biomass Derived Monomers

Chapter 10 Polyamides from Biomass Derived Monomers Benjamin Brehmer, Benjamin Brehmer Evonik Industries AG, Marl, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Benjamin Brehmer, Benjamin Brehmer Evonik Industries AG, Marl, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Book Editor(s):Stephan Kabasci, Stephan Kabasci Fraunhofer-Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 04 October 2013 https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118676646.ch10Citations: 12 AboutPDFPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShareShare a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Summary Bio-based polyamides derived from the castor oilseed plant are a rapidly developing product class entering markets where technical performance is paramount. This chapter describes in detail the history, chemistry, production routes, supply chain and ecological aspects of these new mid-to-long-chain polyamides are described. Their superior technical properties and the broad processing options enable market differentiation. Combined with the positive sustainability criteria, they are employed in many suitable application outlets. Yet, despite increased production capacity and market demand, they will continue to represent only a niche market share. The supply chain, from agricultural methods of castor oil production to oilseed crushing to chemical monomer synthesis all the way through to the newest polymerization technologies, is discussed in detail. It will be shown that the collective value and supply chain of these bio-based products are relatively new and have many opportunities for further improvement and optimization. The market players are also mentioned with their differing product portfolios. Being a major topic of discussion, the sustainability aspects and the lifecycle assessment calculation, taking into account the influence of biogenic carbon, is described in length. It should become clear that bio-based polyamides and high performance can correlate and that bio-polyamides are truly sustainable. References Keim, W. (2006) Polyamide in Kunststoffe: Snythese, Herstellungsverfahren, Apparaturen, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Chapters 4 and 8. 10.1002/3527608974 Google Scholar Arkema (2009) RILSAN. PA 11: Created from a Renewable Source (product data sheet), Arkema, Puteeaux. Google Scholar Häger, H. (2010) VESTAMID Terra, Lifecycle Assessment of Biobased Polyamides (Evonik product data sheet), Evonik Degussa GmbH, Marl. Google Scholar DSM (2011) EcoPaXX: The Green Performer (product data sheet), DSM Engineering Plastic, Geleen. Google Scholar Ormonde, E.V. and Mori, H. (2007) Nylon Resins—CEH Marketing Research Report, SRI Consulting, Menlo Park, CA. Google Scholar Internal market analysis of bio-PA market based on sebacic acid trends. Google Scholar Mutlu, H. and Meier, M.A.R. (2010) Castor oil as a renewable resource for the chemical industry. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 112, 10–30. 10.1002/ejlt.200900138 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Ogunniyi, D.S. (2006) Castor oil: a vital industrial raw material. Bioresource Technology, 97, 1086–1091. 10.1016/j.biortech.2005.03.028 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Scott, E., Peter, F. and Sanders, J. (2007) Biomass in the manufacture of industrial products—the use of proteins and amino acids. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 75(4), 751–762. 10.1007/s00253-007-0932-x CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Wang, M.S. and Huang, J.C. (1994) Nylon 1010 properties and applications. Journal of Polymer Engineering, 13(2), 155–174. 10.1515/POLYENG.1994.13.2.155 CASGoogle Scholar FAOSTAT (2006–2009) FAO Data Based on Imputation Methodology, FAO, Rome. Google Scholar Fuerst Day Lawson Market Intelligence (2011) Market Report—Castor Oil and Industrial Chemicals, FDL, London. Google Scholar World Bank Commodity Price Data (Pink Sheet) http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTDEC/EXTDECPROSPECTS/0,,contentMDK:21731023∼menuPK:538203∼pagePK:64165401∼piPK:64165026∼theSitePK:476883∼isCURL:Y,00.html (accessed 25 July 2013). Google Scholar Brehmer, B., Boom, R.M. et al. (2009) Maximum fossil fuel feedstock replacement potential of petrochemicals via biorefineries. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 87(9), 1103–1119. 10.1016/j.cherd.2009.07.010 CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Könst, P.M., Franssen, C.R. et al. (2011) Stabilization and immobilization of Trypanosoma brucei ornithine decarboxylase for the biobased production of 1,4-diaminobutane. Green Chemistry, 13, 1167–1174. 10.1039/c0gc00564a CASWeb of Science®Google Scholar Kabasci, S. and Bretz, I. (2012) Succinic acid: synthesis of biobased polymers from renewable resources, in Renewable Polymers (ed. V. Mittal), Scrivener Publishing LLC, ISBN: 978-0-470-93877-S. Google Scholar Citing Literature Bio‐Based Plastics: Materials and Applications ReferencesRelatedInformation