Carteraol E, a potent polyhydroxyl ichthyotoxin from the dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae

Carteraol E (1), C74H126O24, a polyhydroxyl ichthyotoxin, was isolated from the lab-cultured marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium carterae. Carteraol E possessed three tetrahydropyrans, and 19 hydroxyl groups on a C69-linear aliphatic chain with a ketone moiety, an exo-methylene, and three methyl branches. The structure was elucidated by extensive analyses of 2D NMR spectra. Cateraol E exhibited potent ichthyotoxicity with LD50 value of 0.28 μM, and antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger.