Enantiomeric Polyketides from the Starfish‐Derived Symbiotic Fungus Penicillium sp. GGF16‐1‐2

One new racemic mixture, penicilliode A (1) and four pairs of enantiomeric polyketides, penicilliode B and C (2 and 3) and coniochaetone B and C (4 and 5), were obtained from the starfish-derived symbiotic fungus Penicillium sp. GGF16-1-2. Interestingly, the strain GGF16-1-2 can produce enantiomers. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the absolute configurations of 2-4 were determined by the optical rotation (OR) values and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds 1-5 were firstly isolated from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium as racemates, and 2-5 were separated by HPLC with a chiral stationary phase. All the compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial, cytotoxic and inhibitory activities against PDE4D2.