Recent Advances in the Syntheses of Nucleoside Triphosphates

The present review compiles significant advances in different synthetic strategies to obtain various nucleoside triphosphates, which are indispensable materials for variety of important biological applications such as DNA sequencing, PCR, therapeutic nucleoside inhibitors of polymerase, to prepare apatamers by in vitro transcription methods, and ingredients in numerous biological assay kits. Modified nucleoside triphosphate analogs are increasingly evaluated as potential diagnostic and therapeutic agents as well as tools for reengineering DNA. This review covers literatures after the year 2000. The intent of this review is to summarize the most useful approaches that have been applied for nucleoside triphosphates syntheses with their advantages, limitations, and generality of methods. The present review will highlight most practical approaches to access nucleoside triphosphates and also research areas wherein further work might lead to superior and general approach. It will enable researchers to choose the right method for synthesizing their nucleoside triphosphates of interest by understanding pros and cons of many available methodologies. It will keep the researchers well informed of the state-of-the-art in the nucleoside triphosphate syntheses and the pressing needs. Keywords: Chemical synthesis, enzymatic synthesis, nucleoside triphosphates, phosphorylation, solid supported synthesis.