T-Cell Cytokines as Predictive Markers of the Risk of Allograft Rejection

免疫抑制 医学 免疫学 移植 药效学 促炎细胞因子 免疫系统 移植排斥反应 代理终结点 药理学 药代动力学 内科学 炎症
作者
Mercé Brunet,Olga Millán López,Marcos López‐Hoyos
出处
期刊:Therapeutic Drug Monitoring [Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer)]
卷期号:38 (Supplement 1): S21-S28 被引量:13
标识
DOI:10.1097/ftd.0000000000000253
摘要

Over the last decade, several biomarkers and surrogate markers have surfaced as promising predictive markers of risk of rejection in solid organ transplantation. The monitoring of these markers can help to improve graft and recipient care by personalizing immunomodulatory therapies. The complex immune system response against an implanted graft can change during long-term follow-up, and the dynamic balance between effector and regulatory T-cell populations is a crucial factor in antidonor response, risk of rejection, and immunosuppression requirements. Therefore, at any time before and after transplantation, T-effector activity, which is associated with increased production and release of proinflammatory cytokines, can be a surrogate marker of the risk of rejection and need for immunosuppression. In addition, immunosuppressive drugs may have a different effect in each individual patient. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs show high interpatient variability, and pharmacodynamic markers, strongly associated with the specific mechanism of action, can potentially be used to measure individual susceptibility to a specific immunosuppressive agent. The monitoring of a panel of valid biomarkers can improve patient stratification and the selection of immunosuppressive drugs. After transplantation, therapy can be adjusted based on the prediction of rejection episodes (maintained alloreactivity), the prognosis of allograft damage, and the individual's response to the drugs. This review will focus on current data indicating that changes in the T-cell production of the intracellular cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin-2 could be used to predict the risk of rejection and to guide immunosuppressive therapy in transplant recipients.
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