Expression of pannexin1 in lung cancer brain metastasis and immune microenvironment

Brain metastases are the most common central nervous system malignancy, and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) comprise the most common cell of origin. Immunotherapy, particularly checkpoint inhibitors, has emerged as the standard of care for many patients with advanced lung cancer. Pannexin1 (PANX1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that forms large-pore channels and has been reported to promote cancer metastasis. However, the roles of PANX1 in lung cancer brain metastases and tumor immune microenvironment have not been characterized. 42 patient-matched formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from lung carcinomas and the subsequent brain metastases were constructed into three tissue microarrays (TMAs). PANX1 and markers of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD68, and TMEM119) were assessed using immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis. The expression of PANX1 was significantly higher in brain metastases than in their paired primary lung carcinoma. The high levels of PANX1 in lung carcinoma cells in the brain inversely correlated with infiltration of peripheral blood-derived macrophages. Our findings highlight the role of PANX1 in the progression of metastatic NSCLC, and the potential therapeutic approach of targeting PANX1 enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in brain metastasis.