FPGA-Based Real-Time Synchronous Parallel System for Underwater Acoustic Positioning and Navigation

With the development of autonomous underwater vehicles, the research of underwater acoustic positioning and navigation technology is becoming increasingly important. However, most underwater positioning systems use the traditional acoustic response synchronization method, which leads to insufficient positioning real-time performance and refresh rate. To solve this problem, this article proposes a real-time global synchronization mechanism with high-precision atomic clocks, which can realize one positioning through one-way propagation, so that the positioning efficiency is at least doubled. To further improve the positioning accuracy, an M-sequence-based phase offset modulation method is proposed to facilitate beacon identification. Consequently, a normalized signal matching capture algorithm against Doppler effect is designed, and the positioning solution is fused with the real-time sound ray bending compensation mechanism. Based on the abovementioned content, we developed an FPGA-based real-time synchronous parallel underwater positioning and navigation system, which uses FPGA+MCU architecture to accelerate signal processing operations in a low power and parallel way. The test results in the South China Sea show that the operating range of the system can reach 8 km, the positioning refresh rate can reach 0.2 Hz, and the relative average position error is 0.25%, confirming the effectiveness of the designed system in industrial applications.