Nanoarchitectonics and applications of two-dimensional materials as anodes for lithium-ion capacitors

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) represent an innovative hybridization in the energy storage field, effectively combining the best features of supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. However, the theoretical advantage of LICs is impeded by the low reaction efficiency of the negative electrode material and significant volume expansion. Two-dimensional (2D) materials, due to their unique morphology, abundant pores, rich active centers, and adjustable composition, have been widely studied and developed as negative electrodes for LICs. Therefore, it is imperative to provide a timely review of the latest advancements in the field. The review initiates with a detailed exploration of the infrastructure, key performance evaluation parameters, and the underlying energy storage mechanisms that define LICs. Subsequently, the focus shifts towards the cutting-edge research surrounding 2D materials, including graphene, MXene, transition-metal dichalcogenides, and transition-metal oxides. The review further elaborates on the typical applications of these 2D materials within LIC frameworks, highlighting their unique properties and contributions to enhanced energy storage solutions. In conclusion, the discussion addresses the significant challenges these materials encounter within LIC applications, such as scalability, cost, and integration issues, while also projecting future development prospects. It outlines both the current limitations and the potential breakthroughs that could pave the way for more advanced and efficient LIC technologies.