Review of Connected Autonomous Vehicles Platooning: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Directions

The introduction of Connected Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) is bringing a significant transformation in the field of transportation, presenting unparalleled prospects for enhancing road safety, mitigating traffic congestion, and optimizing energy efficiency. Platooning, as one of the pioneering applications of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles, emerges as a very promising approach to enhance traffic flow and mitigate ecological consequences. This review examines the integration of advanced technology and the multifaceted obstacles associated with CAV platooning. Commencing with a comprehensive examination of the fundamental technologies involved, such as sensor fusion, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and artificial intelligence algorithms, this article explores the essential elements that facilitate the smooth coordination of CAV platoons.